Background and Objectives: Brain Abscess remains a potentially fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease, especially in developing countries. Anaerobic Abscess is difficult to diagnose because of cumbersome procedures associated with the isolation of anaerobes.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective microbiological analysis of 430 Brain Abscess materials (purulent aspirates and/or tissue), for anaerobic organisms, that were received between 1987-2014, by the Microbiology Laboratory in our Institute.Results: Culture showed growth of bacteria 116.430 (27%) of the cases of which anaerobes were isolated in 48.116 (41.1%) of the cases. Peptostreptococcus (51.4%), was the predominant organism isolated in four cases followed by Bacteroides and Peptococcus species.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and detection of these organisms would help in the appropriate management of these patients.

Introduction: Brain Abscess in pregnancy is very rare, which mostly progresses to neurological abnormalities.Case Presentation: The patient is a 24-year-old pregnant woman. She was referred to Saitama hospital due to severe headache and nausea on October 2008. Brain MRI detected a 1.5cm Abscess mass with extensive edema in the right frontal lobe. We performed intensive therapy using some antibiotics that included cefotaxime and meropenem and depressants for intracranial pressure for six weeks. There was a good prognosis for the woman and her fetus without any sign of neurological abnormalities.Conclusion: Early medical intervention is required before it is too late for Brain Abscess in pregnancy.

Background: Brain Abscess is a focal intracerebral infection, which begins as a localized area of cerebritis and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a well-vascularized capsule. In the present study, we studied all patients with Brain Abscess admitted in Ardabil Fatemi hospital.Patients and methods: In a retrospective hospital-based study, 24 patients with Brain Abscess entered the study. Medical records of patients were reviewed from January 2004 to January 2006. Brain Abscess was defined as one or more localized lesions with the following characteristics in Brain imaging (CT scan): hypodense center with a peripheral uniform ring enhancement following the injection of contrast material, or affected region surrounded by variable hypodense area of Brain edema or nodular enhancement or area of low attenuation without enhancement. Predisposing factors for Brain Abscess were surveyed by reviewing medical records.Results: The study population included 17 males and 7 females with the mean age (± standard deviation) of 27.0±21.3 years. The following predisposing factors were noted in 22 (91.6%) patients; contiguous focus of infection (sinusitis and chronic otitis media) in 10 (41.6%), congenital heart disease in 5 (20.8%), post traumatic complications in 3 (12.5%), super infected hydatid cyst in 2 (8.3%) and neurosurgical complications in 2 cases (8.3%).Conclusion: Ear in cerebellar and temporal lobe, frontal sinus in frontal lobe and heart in parietal lobe Abscesses should be evaluated for the possible source of infection. Meanwhile, hydatid cyst may be an important risk for Brain Abscess in endemic areas like Ardabil.